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Igisibo gitagatifu cya Islam kizwi nka Ramadhan n’igisibo cy’Abakristu cyane cyane Gatolika n’Abangilikani uyu mwaka byatangiriye rimwe kandi birahura mu gihe cy’iminsi myinshi.

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Menya ibihugu igisibo cya Ramadhan kizaba kirekire mu mwaka wa 2026
Biteganijwe ko ukwezi gutagatifu kuri karindari y’i Dini ya Kiislamu (Ramadhani) k’umwaka wa 2026 kuzatangira kuri uyu wa kabiri tariki ya 17 Gashyantare ku bihugu bimwe, naho ku bindi bihugu, kukazatangira tariki ya 18 Gashyantare(2).

Igisibo cyangwa se kwiyiriza ubusa mu kwezi gutagatifu kwa Ramadhani ni imwe mu nkingi eshanu z’idini ya Isilamu, kandi ni itegeko kuri buri muyisilamu wese wujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo akore icyo gisibo.

Abantu biyiriza ubusa iminsi 29 cyangwa 30 muri uko kwezi, kuva mu gitondo kugeza izuba rirenze.

Ariko, igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa kiratandukanye muri buri gihugu.

Mu gihe cy’impeshyi, cyane cyane mu bihugu by’i Burayi, bagira iminsi myinshi mbere yuko izuba rirenga, mu gihe ibindi bihugu byo ku mugabane wa Afurika bihura n’ubushyuhe bwinshi, ikibazo bigira ingaruka ku ngengabihe yabo yo kwiyiriza ubusa.

Bitewe n’uku gutandukana kw’ibihe , yasesenguye gahunda zitandukanye zo kwiyiriza ubusa mu bihugu bitandukanye ku isi.

Impamvu y’itandukaniro ry’igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa Kugira ngo dusobanukirwe itandukaniro riri hagati ya gahunda ya Ramadhani, BBC yaganiriye na Simwal Usman Jibril, umwe mu bagize komite ishinzwe kugenzura ukwezi kwa Ramadhan muri Nigeria wasobanuye ko hari ibintu bitandukanye byitabwaho.

Yavuze ko kwiyiriza ubusa ari itegeko kuri buri wese, ariko igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa kiratandukana bitewe n’igihe cy’umwaka. Mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’isi, abayisilamu bashobora kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha agera kuri 20 ku munsi, ariko hari n’ahandi umuntu udashobora kwiyiriza ubusa amasaha arenga 10.”

Uduce aho igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa kiba kirekire
Simwal Usman Jibril, asobanura ko mu majyaruguru y’Uburayi no mu turere twa Arctique hagaragara igihe kirekire cyo kwiyiriza ubusa, aho izuba rigaragara nimugoroba mu gihe cy’izuba.

Mu mijyi ifite ibihe birebire byo kwiyiriza ubusa harimo Tromso-Noruveje aho biyiriza kuva saa mbiri z’ijoro kugeza saa yine z’ijoro, Reykjavik – Isilande biyiriza ubusa kuva saa mbiri z’ijoro kugeza saa cyenda z’ijoro, naho mumujyi wa Murmansk, mu Buburusiya, Stockholm muri Suwede, bakiyiriza ubusa kuva saa kumi n’ebyiri z’umugoroba kugeza saa moya z’umugoroba.

Nk’uko uyu muhanga abivuga, iyi mijyi izamara igihe kirekire yiyiriza ubusa ‘kuko iri kure y’umurongo wa equatorial, aho izuba rimara igihe kirekire uko impeshyi yegereje.’

Asobanura ko igihe cya Ramadhani cyegereje impeshyi, bityo izuba riboneka igihe kirekire, bityo bigatuma igisibo kiba kirekire.

Nk’uko abivuga, “Ramadhani ikurikiza kalendari y’ukwezi ya Kisilamu. Ukwezi kwa Ramadhani kurahinduka buri mwaka, bivuze ko igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa gihinduka buri mwaka.”

Yongeraho ko ikibazo kibaho iyo hari ahantu izuba ryaka amasaha menshi, ariko avuga ko impuguke mu by’idini rya Isilamu zigira inama abantu bo muri utwo turere gukurikiza ingero nka Mecca, aho haba ijoro n’amanywa buri munsi.

Ahantu igisibo kizaba kigufi
Iyi mpuguke isobanura ko ibihugu biri mu majyepfo y’umurongo wa equator bizahura n’ikibazo cyo kugira igisibo kigufi.

Iyi mujyi ni nka Ushuaia – Argentine amasaha 11, Punta Arenas- Chili amasaha 11, Christchurch-Nouvelle-Zélande amasaha 11, Cape Town – Afurika y’Epfo amasaha agera kuri 12.

Simwal avuga ko Ramadhani y’uyu mwaka yitezwe gutangira mu kwezi kwa kabiri, “ibi bihurirana n’igihe cy’impeshyi mu majyepfo ya equator, igihe kigira iminsi migufi. Yanavuze kandi ko utu duce turi hafi ya equator ku buryo tutabona izuba rikaze.”

Imiterere y’igisibo muri Nigeria
Simwal avuga ko hari ibihugu byegereye umurongo wa equator aho iminsi yo gutangira kwiyiriza ubusa idahinduka buri mwaka.

Iyi mijyi ni nka Abuja-Nigeria, Jakarta-Indoneziya, Kuala Lumpur-Maleziya na Nairobi Kenya.

Simwal avuga ko igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa muri iyi mijyi ari hagati y’amasaha 12 na 13. Ibi biterwa nuko iyi mijyi ibona urumuri n’umwijima mubihe bisa buri mwaka, hakaba hari itandukaniro rito cyane mu gihe izuba riva n’igihe rirenga.

Igihe cyo gusoza igisibo kigenwa gute?
Simwal asobanura ko ibintu by’ingenzi bisuzumwa mu kugena igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa ari equator, ikirere, latitude yo mu majyaruguru n’iy’amajyepfo, hamwe na kalendari y’ukwezi ya Islam.

“Nubwo igihe cyo kwiyiriza ubusa gitandukanye, Ramadhani ni ukwezi abizera b’Abayisilamu hirya no hino ku isi bongera imbaraga mukwiyiriza ubusa no gusenga.”

Ni nde ukwiye kwiyiriza ubusa?
Umuntu ugeze mumyaka y’ubugimbi ufite cy’imyaka cumi n’ine n’igice hakurikijwe (Ingengabihe ya Gregori)
Umuntu ufite ubwenge buhagije – umuntu wese udafite indwara yo mu mutwe ituma atamenya kwiyiriza ubusa, cyangwa akaba atabasha gusobanukirwa igitekerezo cyo kwiyiriza ubusa (nk’abafite indwara ya Down Syndrome) ntasabwa kwiyiriza ubusa.
Umuntu udafite uburwayi bwi ndwara zidakira, nka diyabete ikomeye, cyangwa se umuntgu ufite intege nke ziterwa no gusaza.
Umuntu wese udakora urugendo rurenza ibirometero mirongo ine n’umunani.
Kwiyiriza ubusa ntibizagira ingaruka mbi ku muntu cyangwa ku mwana we (niba umugore atwite cyangwa yonsa).

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Intambwe nke zoroheje wakurikiza kugira ngo urusheho kugirana n’abandi imishyikirano myiza, zishobora gutuma nawe uba inshuti wifuza ko nawe wagira.

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Iyo inshuti yawe ikubwiye ibiyiri ku mutima, kwemera ibitekerezo byayo si ko buri gihe biyifasha
Ariko kandi, kuba twishyira mu mwanya w’umuntu runaka bitewe n’uko ababaye, ntibisobanura buri gihe ko tugomba kwemera n’umutima wacu wose uko abona ibiri kuba byose.

Ariko, uburyo bwiza bwo kubafasha mu buryo bw’ibyuyumvo akenshi burimo kubatera akanyabugabo cyangwa inama ishobora kubafasha gukemura ibibazo byabo mu bundi buryo kurusha uko bo babitekereza.

Mu by’ukuri, ubushakashatsi bugenda bwiyongera mu by’imitekerereze y’abantu bugaragaza ko gutera umuntu inkunga yo kuvuga ibimuri ku mutima, ntugerageze na rimwe kumufasha gusesengura ibibazo afite, bishobora gutuma atekereza cyane kandi bigatuma mu gihe kirekire arushaho kumva yihebye.

Iyi myitwarire yo kuba umuntu yamera nkuko mugenzi we ameze – atamufashije kubona igisubizo cy’ikibazo afite nabyo ni ubundi bwoko bw’ubucuti bubi mu mubano.

Ikiganiro kigamije kubaka gisaba ubwitonzi n’ubushishozi bwinshi, ariko inyandiko ya Ethan Kross muri Kaminuza ya Michigan hamwe na bagenzi be itanga ibibazo bike bishobora gufasha umuntu kubona ibibazo mu buryo bwagutse. Muri byo harimo/harimo:

Urebye uko ibintu bimeze/byagenze, ushobora kumbwira impamvu ibyo bintu byagutesheje umutwe?
Ese hari icyo wigiye mu byabaye? Niba gihari wakingarizaho?
Mu buryo bwagutse,”iyo urebye ibintu mu buryo rusange/ntiwite gusa ku tuntu duto “, ese bigufasha gusobanukirwa neza ibi wanyuzemo? Kuki bitakugirira akamaro?
Nyuma yo gusuzuma izo ngingo zitandukanye (uko buri wese abibona), abitabiriye ubushakashatsi bagaragaje ko bumvaga bararuhutse mu mutima kandi bumva barushijeho kumva ibyaba byababaje, ugereranyije n’abandi gusa bari bibanze ku gusubiramo mu buryo burambuye ibyabababaje n’amarangamutima byabateye.

4. Ishimire intsinzi y’abandi (kandi itoze kugira urugwiro)
Kwishyira abandi bari mu bihe byiza na byo ni ingenzi. Kimwe no kwifatanya na bo mu kababaro, ni ishingiro ry’ubucuti.

Gusa ijambo ‘compassion’ rikomoka mu Ikilatini risobanura “gusangira ububabare”, riramenyerewe cyane kurusha ‘Confelicity’ ijambo na ryo riva mu kilatini risobanura gusangira ibyishimo.

“Confelicity’ ntabwo rimenyerewe cyane nyamara naryo ni ishingiro rikomeye ry’ubucuti.

Abahanga bavuga ko abantu bashishikazwa no kugaragaza ubucuti mu bihe by’akababaro nyamara ntibabigenze batyo iyo abo bita inshuti bari mu by’ibyishimo.

Ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwerekana ko ibiganiro byacu ku byerekeye ubutumwa bwiza bw’ibyishimo bishobora kugira akamaro nk’ako kugira impuhwe mu guteza imbere no kubungabunga imibanire myiza.

Inshuti igushyigikira igomba gusubiza mu buryo bwiza kandi bwubaka- ikabaza ibisobanuro birambuye, ikaganira ku ngaruka z’ibyabaye, no kwerekana umunezero cyangwa ishema ryabo.

Abantu benshi, ariko ntibitwara neza – urugero, bahita bahindura ikiganiro vuba – mu gihe abandi bake babikora mu buryo butari bwiza, bagatanga ibitekerezo bigerageza kugabanya akamaro k’ibyabaye.

Mu muvundo w’ibyo dukora buri munsi, dushobora kwibagirwa guha agaciro n’umwanya ukwiye igikorwa runaka ariko niba dushaka kuba inshuti nziza , tugomba gufata umwanya no gushaka uko twizihiza intsinzi z’inshuti zacu yaba intsinzi nto cyangwa nini, uko ingana kose.

Dushobora kandi gutekereza neza ku buryo dusangiza abandi ibyishimo byacu.

Dushobora guhangayikishwa no kuba bishobora kugaragara nk’ubwirasi cyangwa ubwibone, maze tugahitamo kugira ibanga ibyo twagezeho, ariko na none ubu buryo bushobora kuduhungabanya, nk’uko bigaragazwa mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe na Annabelle Roberts wo muri Kaminuza ya Texas i Austin, Emma Levine wo muri Kaminuza ya Chicago, na Övül Sezer wo muri Kaminuza ya Cornell.

Muri rusange, basanze abantu bababazwa cyane no kuba twabahishe amakuru nk’izamuka mu kazi cyangwa ku bantu bari hafi yacu.

5. Ba uwa mbere gusaba imbabazi
Buri muntu arakosa, ariko bake ni bo basaba imbabazi mu buryo bworoshye.

Iyo usabye imbabazi wabanje no kuvuga ibindi, bituma umujinya n’agahinda bikomeza gukura mu mubano wacu n’abandi igihe kirekire nyuma y’uko icyaha/ikosa ryabaye.

Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe mu birebana n’imyitwarire y’abantu bwagaragaje ko hari imbogamizi enye nyamukuru duhura nazo, zituma tudasaba imbabazi:

Kuba tudasobanukiwe neza uburyo twababaje abandi, tukumva ko gusaba imbabazi ubwabyo bizaba bikomeye cyangwa tukumva biteye isoni, twumva ko gusaba imbabazi bizahindura utuntu duto mu mubano wacu, bityo nyuma yaho ntidusobanukirwe icyo gusaba imbabazi neza bisobanuye – bikarangira tunaniwe kuvuga amagambo yari ingirakamaro kugira ngo dukemure ikibazo.

Muri rusange, abantu bumva baruhutse iyo bemeye amakosa yabo, kandi dushobora gusubiza ibintu ku murongo kurushaho kurusha uko twabitekerezaga- niba gusaba imbabazi kwacu byakozwe mu buryo bukwiye.

Kugira ngo imbabazi zawe zigire akamaro, ujye uha mugenzi wawe igihe gihagije cyo kugaragaza ibyamubabaje.

Nyuma, ugomba kwemera ko ari wowe wagize uruhare mu gukosa, ukagaragaza ko ubabaye mu by’ukuri, ukagaragaza ko wifuza gukosora aho wakosheje ukanasobanura uko uzirinda kongera gukora ikosa nk’iryo ikindi gihe.

Buri mubano ugira ibihe byiza n’ibibi: iyo niyo kamere y’abantu kandi akenshi imibereho yacu n’imibanire n’abandi irushaho kuba urusobe.

Icyakora, iyo ushyize mu bikorwa izo nama eshanu zoroshye zagufasha kugirana ubucuti bukomeye n’abandi, ushobora kwirinda amakosa akunze kugaragara, kandi ukaba inshuti wowe ubwawe wakwishimira kuba ufite uzi neza ko uri incuti nyakuri.

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Umuyobozi Mukuru wa NIDA, Mukesha Josephine, na we yifotoreje i Kigali, I Kigali bizakorwa mu byumweru birindwi: Imiterere ya gahunda yo gufotora abashaka Indangamuntu koranabuhanga

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Ni indangamuntu umuntu azaba ashobora guhabwa ikarita yayo nk’uko bisanzwe, indi iri mu buryo bwa QR Code ku buryo wayigendana muri telefone cyangwa mudasobwa ndetse no guhabwa nimero izwi nka ‘token’ ushobora gukoreshwa mu kubona amakuru yawe, itandukanye na nimero y’Indangamuntu.

Bitandukanye na mbere, ntibizaba bikiri ngombwa ko umuntu agendana indangamuntu agiye gusaba serivisi.

Mu bimenyetso bitangwa harimo ndangamimerere, birimo imboni, intoki zose, n’isura.

Kuva ku mwana ukivuka kugeza ku myaka itanu, uwo azajya ahabwa indangamuntu iriho ifoto gusa kuko ibimenyetso ndangamiterere bigenda bihindagurika. Kuva ku myaka itanu kuzamura ni we uzaba yemerewe gutanga bya bimenyetso.

Biteganyijwe ko indangamuntu koranabuhanga izashyirwa hanze muri Nyakanga 2026, ubu u Rwanda rukaba rugeze muri kimwe cya kane cy’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’uyu mushinga.

Ni umushinga watangiye mu 2023. Ni agace k’umushinga mugari u Rwanda rufatanyijemo na Banki y’Isi washowemo agera kuri miliyari 200 Frw.

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Dr Gaspard Ntahonkiriye yibanda ku ndirimbo gakondo z’umuco w’Ikirundi, igicurangisho yifashisha akaba ari inanga ndetse n’ikinanda (armonica).

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Hari abaganga tuzi bakora sports zikomeye, kandi nta kwibeshya ko mu gihe ukunda umuziki byakubuza gukora ibindi.Oya,” uko ni ko Muganga Ntahonkiriye avuga. Arakomeza “ahubwo mu kuvura imibiri hari n’igihe abantu bakenera ibituma umubiri wumva umerewe neza kandi n’umuziki urimo . Ikindi ni uko iyo ukunda ikintu ukibonera umwanya ‘’.

Umuziki wa gakondo muri iki gihe uragenda usa n’utakaza agaciro wahoranye kubera ikoranabuhanga ryatumye gucuranga byoroha muri iki gihe .

Gusa kuri Ntahonkiriye “ni ngombwa ko urubyiruko rutibagirwa isoko”.

Ati:‘’Kera twari tuzi ko umuziki ari uguhuza amajwi n’ibicurangisho. Ukavuga uti nzi kuvuza inanga, piano…kandi bisaba igihe kubyiga. Ariko ubu arajya muri studio ati ndashaka instrument iyi. Ugasanga ka kanovera katagihari kubera imashini. Kandi imashini izahora ari imashini nyine…”

Akomeza ati:”Umuziki w’ubu ntugira izina kuko kera wumvaga indirimbo kuri radiyo ukavuga uti uyu murya (inanga) ni uwa runaka .Ariko ubu nta mwana ugishaka kwiga ibicurangisho kuko biri muri computer(imashini).”

Ku kuba hari icyo yaba akura mu muziki akora, Gaspard Ntahonkiriye avuga ko mu buryo bw’Amafranga, uyu muziki utamwinjiriza byinshi ariko na bwo ngo ni uko atari cyo yashyizeho umutima.

Gusa nanone ngo “kubaha umuco w’abakurambere ni inshingano z’abariho uyu munsi kandi ibyo biragoye kubibara mu gaciro gafatika”.

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 Patrick, Budensiyana na Nadine, Abakurikirana ikinamico Urunana bazi cyane Budensiyana ukinamo acisha make gusa agahura n’ibibazo by’ubuzima ntagire n’amahirwe mu rukundo.

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Ati “Amazina yanjye asanzwe asa nk’amaze kwibagirana, bakoresha Budensiyana ubu. Abo tubana, abaturanyi […] muri make uje aho ntuye ukaza ubaza Mariam ntabwo bamumenya niyo wajya ku mukuru w’Umudugudu utagiye uvuga Budensiyana nti bapfa kumenya ko ari njye ushaka.”

Avuga ko kwitwa iri zina bimutera ishema kuko bimugaragariza ko ibyo akina byacengeye muri benshi.

Umugabo we ajya amufuhira

Yabajijwe niba atajya ahura n’imbogamizi zo gufuhirwa n’umugabo we kubera ibyo akina, asubiza ko bijya bibaho cyane ndetse ko hari igihe ajya amusaba kubireka.

Aseka ati “Icyo kibazo kiragoye kugisubiza, hari aho bibangamirana rimwe na rimwe n’ubuzima bwite bwo mu rugo. Sinzi niba navuga ko ari kamere y’abagabo, barafuha. Ku buryo nk’iyo wakinnye ukagerayo, nk’urugero nkanjye nkina ndi umukobwa ufite umusore dukundana tukagerayo ugasanga yagize akantu mu mutima.”

Rimwe umugabo we ajya amusaba kureka ibyo gukina ikinamico Urunana kuko atari ko kazi ke k’ibanze. Yavuze ko agerageza kumusobanurira ko ari ikinamico.

Ntazibagirwa igice yakinnye James amutendeka

Budensiyana yemeza ko hari igihe umuntu akina bikamukora ku mutima, akavuga ko agace atazibagirwa mu buzima ari aho yakinnye akimenya ko James amutendeka.

Ati “Igice nakinnye numva ntazibagirwa cyane ni igihe navumburaga ko James afite undi mugore banabyaranye. Hari aho ukina ukumva bigukoze ku mutima, niba ari amarira akamanuka ari ay’umubabaro atari ibyo gukina.”

Budensiyana muri iki kiganiro yavuze ko abantu badakwiye kujya bumva ikinamico nk’ibintu byo kwinezeza ahubwo bakwiye no kujya bumva ubutumwa buba burimo.

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